Infants born before 37 weeks of gestation are considered premature. Approximately 300 out of every one million live births result in at least one eye becoming blind due to premature retinopathy (PR).

At the front of the eye, there is a transparent structure called the cornea, behind which lies the iris, the tissue that gives the eye its color. Behind the iris is the lens of the eye. The potential space at the center of the iris is called the pupil.

The eyeball is divided into two segments: the anterior and posterior segments. At the front, the cornea, which is transparent like a watch glass, and at the back, the intraocular lens, form the boundaries of the anterior segment.

The eye consists of a transparent structure at the front called the cornea, a colored structure known as the iris, a black central opening called the pupil, the lens located behind the pupil and iris, and the aqueous humor, which fills the space between these structures.

Laser treatment is the most advanced method used to correct refractive errors of the eye.

Amblyopia is a sensory vision impairment that occurs in the central visual pathways without any structural disease in the eye.

Keratoconus is a condition in which the transparent, dome-shaped corneal tissue in the front part of the eye gradually thins and bulges outward into a cone shape, usually towards the lower and outer sections, leading to irregular astigmatism.

Allergic conjunctivitis is characterized by sudden onset symptoms such as itching, burning, redness, swelling of the conjunctiva, and watery discharge, triggered by dust, mold, and pollen.

Neonatal conjunctivitis refers to conjunctival infections that develop within the first four weeks of life. It can result from a toxic reaction to chemical agents such as silver nitrate or be caused by viral, bacterial, or chlamydial infections.